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Galaxy filament 

The present day dark matter distribution in a slice cut through a simulation of a flat universe with cosmological constant. The distribution reveals fine, filamentary structures. The slice has a side length of 520 million light years, and a thickness of 100 million light years. It contains the so-called "supergalactic plane". The major nearby clusters, like Coma, Virgo, Perseus cluster, are labelled.
The present day dark matter distribution in a slice cut through a simulation of a flat universe with cosmological constant. The distribution reveals fine, filamentary structures. The slice has a side length of 520 million light years, and a thickness of 100 million light years. It contains the so-called "supergalactic plane". The major nearby clusters, like Coma, Virgo, Perseus cluster, are labelled.[1]

In physical cosmology, filaments are the largest known structures in the universe, thread-like structures with a typical length of 50 to 80 h-1 megaparsecs that form the boundaries between large voids in the universe.[2] Filaments consist of gravitationally-bound galaxies; parts where a large number of galaxies are very close to each other are called superclusters.

In 2006, scientists announced the discovery of three filaments aligned to form the largest structure known to humankind, composed of densely-packed galaxies and enormous blobs of gas known as Lyman alpha blobs.[3]

Contents

List

Filaments

Filament subtype of filaments have roughly similar major and minor axes in cross-section, along the lengthwise axis.

Filaments of Galaxies
Filament Date Mean Distance Dimension Notes
Coma Filament The Coma Supercluster lies within the Coma Filament. [4] It is also known as the CfA2 Great Wall.[5]
Perseus-Pegasus Filament 1985 Connected to the Pisces-Cetus Supercluster, with the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster being a member of the filament. [6]
Ursa Major Filament Connected to the CfA Homunculus, a portion of the filament forms a portion of the "leg" of the Homunculus. [7]
Lynx-Ursa Major Filament (LUM Filament) 1999 from 2000km/s to 8000km/s in redshift space Connected to and separate from the Lynx-Ursa Major Supercluster. [7]
z=2.38 filament around protocluster ClG J2143-4423 2004 z=2.38 110Mpc A filament the length of the Great Wall was discovered in 2004. As of 2008, it was still the largest structure beyond redshift 2. [8] [9] [10] [11]

Galaxy walls

The Galaxy wall subtype of filaments have a signifcantly greater major axis than minor axis in cross-section, along the lengthwise axis.

Walls of Galaxies
Wall Date Mean Distance Dimension Notes
CfA2 Great Wall (Great Wall, Northern Great Wall, Great Northern Wall, CfA Great Wall) 1989 z=0.03058 251Mpc long
750 Mly long
250 Mly wide
20 Mly thick
 This first super-large large-scale structure or pseudo-structure in the universe discovered. It is also the second largest. The CfA Homunculus lies at the heart of the Great Wall, and the Coma Supercluster forms most of the homunculus structure. The Coma Cluster lies at the core. [12] [13]
Sloan Great Wall (SDSS Great Wall) 2005 z=0.07804 433Mpc long This is the largest known structure or pseudo-structure in the universe discovered so far. [12]
Sculptor Wall (Southern Great Wall, Great Southern Wall) 8000km/s long
5000km/s wide
1000km/s deep
(in redshift space dimensions)		 The Sculptor Wall is "parallel" to the Fornax Wall and "perpendicular" to the Grus Wall. [14] [15]
Grus Wall The Grus Wall is "perpendicular" to the Fornax and Sculptor Walls. [15]
Fornax Wall The Fornax Cluster is part of this wall. The wall is "parallel" to the Sculptor Wall and "perpendicular" to the Grus Wall. [14] [15]
  • A wall has been proposed to lie at z=1.47 in the vicinity of radio galaxy B3 0003+387. [17]

Map of nearest galaxy walls

The Universe within 200 million Light Years, showing the nearest galaxy walls
The Universe within 200 million Light Years, showing the nearest galaxy walls

Other images

The universe within 1 billion light-years (307 Mpc) of Earth, showing local superclusters forming filaments and voids.

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/data_vis/
  2. ^ Bharadwaj, Somnath; Bhavsar, Suketu; Sheth, Jatush V. The Size of the Longest Filaments in the Universe. Astrophys.J. 606 (2004) 25-31
  3. ^ Than, Ker (2006-07-28). "Scientists: Cosmic blob biggest thing in universe", SPACE.com. Retrieved on 2007-03-11. 
  4. ^ 'Astronomy and Astrophysics' (ISSN 0004-6361), vol. 138, no. 1, Sept. 1984, p. 85-92. Research supported by Cornell University "The Coma/A 1367 filament of galaxies" 09/1984 Bibcode: 1984A&A...138...85F
  5. ^ http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/115/5/1745/970234.text
  6. ^ 'Astrophysical Journal', Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 299, Dec. 1, 1985, p. 5-14. "A possible 300 megaparsec filament of clusters of galaxies in Perseus-Pegasus" 12/1985 Bibcode: 1985ApJ...299....5B
  7. ^ a b 'The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series', Volume 121, Issue 2, pp. 445-472. "Photometric Properties of Kiso Ultraviolet-Excess Galaxies in the Lynx-Ursa Major Region" 04/1999 Bibcode: 1999ApJS..121..445T
  8. ^ NASA, GIANT GALAXY STRING DEFIES MODELS OF HOW UNIVERSE EVOLVED, January 7, 2004
  9. ^ 'The Astrophysical Journal', Volume 602, Issue 2, pp. 545-554. The Distribution of Lyα-Emitting Galaxies at z=2.38 02/2004 Bibcode: 2004ApJ...602..545P doi:10.1086/381145
  10. ^ 'The Astrophysical Journal', Volume 614, Issue 1, pp. 75-83. The Distribution of Lyα-emitting Galaxies at z=2.38. II. Spectroscopy 10/2004 Bibcode: 2004ApJ...614...75F doi:10.1086/423417
  11. ^ 'Relativistic Astrophysics Legacy and Cosmology - Einstein's, ESO Astrophysics Symposia', Volume . ISBN 978-3-540-74712-3. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2008, p. 358 Ultraviolet-Bright, High-Redshift ULIRGS 00/2008 Bibcode: 2008ralc.conf..358W
  12. ^ a b Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. Vol. 6 (2006), No. 1, 35–42 Super-Large-Scale Structures in the Sloan Digital Sky SurveyPDF
  13. ^ 'Scientific American', Vol. 280, No. 6, p. 30 - 37 Mapping the UniversePDF (1.43 MB) 06/1999 Bibcode: 1999SciAm.280f..30L
  14. ^ a b c Unveiling large-scale structures behind the Milky Way. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Vol. 67; Proceedings of a workshop at the Observatoire de Paris-Meudon; 18-21 January 1994; San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP); c1994; edited by Chantal Balkowski and R. C. Kraan-Korteweg, p.21 ; Visualization of Nearby Large-Scale Structures ; Fairall, A. P., Paverd, W. R., & Ashley, R. P. ; 1994ASPC...67...21F
  15. ^ a b c d 'Astrophysics and Space Science', Volume 230, Issue 1-2, pp. 225-235 Large-Scale Structures in the Distribution of Galaxies 08/1995 Bibcode: 1995Ap&SS.230..225F
  16. ^ World Science, Wall of galaxies tugs on ours, astronomers find April 19, 2006
  17. ^ 'The Astronomical Journal', Volume 120, Issue 5, pp. 2331-2337. B3 0003+387: AGN-Marked Large-Scale Structure at Redshift 1.47? 11/2000 Bibcode: 2000AJ....120.2331T doi:10.1086/316827

Further reading

External links

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