This is a list of invasive species by country or region. A species is regarded as invasive if it has been introduced by human action to a location, area, or region where it did not previously occur naturally (i.e., is not native), becomes capable of establishing a breeding population in the new location without further intervention by humans, and becomes a pest in the new location, threatening agriculture and/or the local biodiversity.

The term invasive species refers to a subset of those species defined as introduced species, for which see List of introduced species.

Africa

Southern Africa

Plants

• Australian wattles (Acacia species)
• Bramble (Rubus species)
• Bugweed (Solanum mauritianum)
• Castor oil plant (Ricinus communis)
• Eucalyptus or gum trees (Eucalyptus species)
• Hakea (Hakea species)
• Kariba weed (Salvinia molesta)
• Lantana (Lantana camara)
• Mauritius Thorn (Caesalpinia decapetala)
• Mesquite (Prosopis species)
• Mexican Poppy (Argemone mexicana)
• Parrot's Feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum)
• Pereskia (Pereskia aculeata)
• Pine (Pinus species)
• Prickly pear (Opuntia species)
• Queen of the Night Cactus (Cereus jamacaru)
• Syringa (Melia azedarach)
• Triffid weed (Chromolaena odorata)
• Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

Asia

Philippines

Main article: Invasive species in the Philippines

Plants

Animals

Chordates

Amphibians

• Bufo marinus, Cane Toad

Birds

• Passer montanus, European Tree Sparrow

Fish

• Clarias batrachus
• Clarias gariepinus
• Cyprinus carpio
• Channa orientalis
• Channa striata
• Gambusia affinis, mosquitofish
• Poecilia latipinna, sailfin molly
• Poecilia reticulata, guppy
• Tilapia, various species (see Tilapia as exotic species)

Mammals

• Bubalus bubalis, Water buffalo
• Canis lupus familiaris, Feral dogs
• Felis silvestris catus, Feral cats
• Rattus norvegicus, Norway rat

Molluscs

Gastropods

• Achatina immaculata

Australasia

Australia

Main article: Invasive species in Australia

Plants

• African mustard (Brassica tournefortii)
• Alligator apple (Annona glabra)
• Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)
• Asparagus fern (Asparagus densiflorus)
• Bitou Bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera)
• Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus)
• Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora)
• Foxtail brome (Bromus rubens)
• Giant cane (Arundo donax)
• Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
• Lantana (Lantana camara)
• Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia)
• Prickly pear (Opuntia spp.)
• Patterson's Curse (Echium plantagineum)
• Shoebutton Ardisia (Ardisia elliptica)
• Sweet Acacia (Acacia farnesiana)
• Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
• Wild Tobacco (Solanum mauritianum)

Animals

Molluscs

Native to the Mediterranean regions, more than one species of white snail is now quite common in Kadina and elsewhere in South Australia. This image shows many Theba pisana, and a number of smaller and more pointed Cochlicella acuta aestivating on a fence post.

• Asian mussel (Musculista senhousia)
• Common white snail (Cernuella virgata) ^[1]
• White garden snail (Theba pisana) [3]
• Pointed snail (Cochlicella acuta) [4]
• Small pointed snail (Cochlicella barbara) [5]

Arthropods

Chordates

Amphibians

• Cane Toad (Bufo marinus)

Birds

• Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis)
• House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)
• Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer)
• Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
• Feral Pigeon (Columba livia)
• Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia)
• Barbary Dove (Streptopelia risoria)
• Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
• Spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis)

Mammals

• Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
• Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
• Goat (Capra hircus)
• African Wild Ass (Equus asinus)
• Feral cat (Felis silvestris catus)
• House mouse (Mus musculus)
• Rabbit (Oryctolagus cunicularis)
• Polynesian Rat (Rattus exulans)
• Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
• Cow (Bos Taurus)
• Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
• Burro (Equus asinus)
• Horse (Equus caballus)
• Cape Hare (Lepus capensis)
• Black rat (Rattus rattus)
• Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)
• Domestic Pig (Sus scrofa domestica)
• Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor)
• Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)
• Fallow Deer (Dama dama)
• Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus)

Echinoderms

• Japanese starfish (Asterias amurensis)

Fungi and pathogens

• Frog chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis)

New Zealand

Main article: Invasive species in New Zealand

Plants

• Boneseed
• Broom
• Gorse
• Heather
• Kahili Ginger
• Old man's beard
• Pampas Grass
• Ragworts
• Rhododendron ponticum
• Wandering Jew

Animals

Chordates

Mammals

• Possum
• Rabbit
• Rat
• House mouse
• Stoat
• Ferret
• Hedgehog

Fish

• Grass carp

Europe

Plants

• desert false indigo (Amorpha fruticosa)
• Australian swamp stonecrop - (Crassula helmsii)
• Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
• Canadian pondweed (Elodea canadensis)
• Caulerpa racemosa - grape caulerpa
• Caulerpa taxifolia; usually referring to the Mediterranean caulerpa clone (1)
• Heracleum mantegazzianum - Giant Hogweed in the UK
• Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
• Hottentot Fig (Carpobrotus edulis)
• Hydrocotyle ranunculoides - Floating Pennywort in the UK
• Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera)
• Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica)
• Parrot feather - Myriophyllum aquaticum.
• Rhododendron ponticum
• Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus); in Scandinavia ([6])
• Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

^[2]

Animals

Arthropods

Crustaceans

• Red king crab spreading south from northwest Russia
• American lobster (Homarus americanus) in Scandinavian waters
• Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
• Louisiana crawfish
• Signal Crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus)
• Virile crayfish (Orconectes virilis)
• Orconectes limosus
• Procambarus clarkii

Insects

• Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)
• Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis)

Chordates

Birds

• Canada Goose (Branta canadensis)
• Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus)
• Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides
• Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus)
• Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis)
• Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri)
• Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus)
• House Crow (Corvus splendens)

Mammals

• American Mink (Mustela vison)
• Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)
• Coypu (Myocastor coypus)
• Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
• Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
• Black Rat (Rattus rattus)
• Grey Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
• Reeves's Muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi)

Reptiles

• Red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta (elegans))

Molluscs

• American jack-knife clam (Ensis directus)
• Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha); problem in Swedish lake Mälaren
• Crassostrea gigas
• New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum)
• Common slipper shell (Crepidula fornicata)
• Red-rimmed melania (Melanoides tuberculatus)
• Ferrissia wautieri

ascidians

• Stalked Sea Squirt (Styela clava)

Platyhelminthes

• New Zealand flatworm (Arthurdendyus triangulatus)
• Australian flatworm (Australoplana sanguinea)

Pathogens

• Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi)

North America

Plants

• Air-potato (Dioscorea bulbifera)
• Amur honeysuckle or Bush honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)
• Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia)
• Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
• Blackberry (Rubus armeniacus)
• Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
• Brazilian waterweed (Egeria densa)
• Caulerpa (Caulerpa taxifolia); usually referring to the Mediterranean clone
• Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora)
• Chinaberry (Melia azedarach)
• Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense)
• Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum)
• Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica)
• Common broom (Cytisus scoparius)
• Common reed (Phragmites australis; also native, but European subspecies invasive1
• Cosmos sulphureus
• Cotton thistle (Onopordum acanthium)
• Coral ardisia (Ardisia crenata)
• Curly-leaf pondweed
• Diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa)
• Dog-strangling vine (Cynanchum rossicum, also Cynanchum louisae)
• Downy brome, Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum)
• English ivy (Hedera helix)
• Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)
• Flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus)
• Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
• Giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum)
• Giant reed (Arundo donax)
• Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta)
• Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)
• Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
• Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum)
• Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum)
• Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata)
• Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)
• Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia)
• Mile-a-minute weed (Polygonum perfoliatum)
• Mimosa (Mimosa pudica)
• Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora)
• Musk thistle (Carduus nutans)
• Natal grass (Rhynchelytrum repens)
• Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum)
• Orange Hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum)
• Pampas Grass (Cortaderia selloana)
• Phragmites (Phragmites australis)
• Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
• Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens)
• Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia)
• Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.)
• Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius)
• Silk Tree (Albizia julibrissin)
• Skunk vine (Paederia foetida)
• Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora; invasive mainly on the West Coast)
• Spotted knapweed (Centaurea beibersteinii or Centaurea maculosa)
• Torpedo grass (Panicum repens)
• Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
• Tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum)
• Water caltrop (Trapa natans)
• Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
• Wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa)
• Wild taro (Colocasia esculenta)
• Witchweed (Striga asiatica)
• Yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis)

Insects

• Africanized honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata)
• Argentine ant (Linepithema humile)
• Asian long-horned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis)
• Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus)
• Cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum)
• Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis)
• European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)
• Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus)
• Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae)
• Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica)
• Red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta)

Aquatic arthropods

• European green crab (Carcinus maenas)
• Chinese mitten crab (also known as the Shanghai hairy crab)
• Spiny water flea ("Bythotrophes cederstroemi")

Aquatic mollusks

• Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)
• Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea)
• Chinese mystery snail (Cipangopaludina chinensis)
• New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum)
• Veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa)
• Ampullariidae (apple snail)
• Bithynia tentaculata (faucet snail)

Land snails

• Theba pisana the white garden snail

Fish

• Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)
• Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus)
• Bighead carp
• Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus)
• Flathead catfish (Pylodictus olivaris)
• Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes
• Northern Snakehead (Channa argus)
• Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus)
• Silver carp
• Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Reptiles and amphibians

• Brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis)
• Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)
• Cane toad (Bufo marinus)

Birds and mammals

• Coypu or Nutria (Myocastor coypus)
• European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
• House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)
• Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)
• Mute Swan
• Rock Pigeon (Columba livia)

Pathogens

• Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica)
• Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi)
• Exotic Newcastle disease (Paramyxovirus)
• Fowlpox (Avipoxvirus)
• Plum pox (Potyviruses: Potyviridae)
• Soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae)
• Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum)
• West Nile virus (Flavivirus)
• Whirling Disease (Myxobolus cerebralis)

Others

• Varroa mite (Varroa destructor)
• Earthworms, several species (lumbricid)
• Didymosphenia geminata (didymo, rock snot)

Hawaii

Insects

• Quadratichus erythrinae, a parasitic wasp on the wiliwili
• Pristomerus hawaiiensis, Calliephialtes grapholithae (Ichneumonidae) and Euderus metallicus (Eulophidae), Diadegma blackburni, another ichneumonid - previously introduced as biocontrol agents^[3]

References