| Plant |
Reference |
| Most likely Rubus sanctus blackberry bush Abraham's Bush (Vitex agnus-castus L.; Lamiaceae) |
Exodus 3:2 |
| Acacia, Spirale (Acacia raddiana Savi) |
Exodus 25:10 |
| Acacia, tortilis Acacia, Negev (Acacia gerrardii Bentham subsp. negevensis) |
Exodus 37:17 |
| Algum Tree traditionally red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus)white sandalwood - (Santalum album) scandal wood, a few claim it is juniper (Juniperus excelsa [Heb., ’al·gum·mim? (2Chronicles 2:8; 9:10, 11); ’al·mug·gim? 1Kings 10:11, 12)] |
|
| Almond (Amygdalus communis) [Heb., luz (Ge 30:37); sha·qedh? “keeping awake” |
Ge 43:11. |
| Almug Tree(Trerocarpus santalimus) |
|
| Aloe (Aquilaria agallocha) |
Proverbs 7:17 |
| Maybe but doubtfully, Aloe, Aloe succotrina. |
Proverbs 7:17 |
| Anemone (Anemone coronaria L.; Ranunculaceae) |
Mathew 6:28 |
| Anise (Dill) (Anethum graveolens) |
Exodus 30:34 |
| Apple (Malus domestica.) [Heb., tap·pu?ach]. Arabic is tuffah. To change a p to Letter f in Hebrew there's a dot changed The word itself indicates that which is distinguished by its fragrance, or scent. It comes from the root na·phach?, meaning “blow; pant; struggle for breath.” (Ge 2:7; Job 31:39; Jer 15:9) Regarding this, M. C. Fisher wrote: “Relationship [to na·phach?] seems at first semantically strained, but the ideas of ‘breathe’ and ‘exhale an odor’ are related. The by-form puah means both ‘blow’ (of wind) and ‘exhale a pleasant odor, be fragrant.’”-Proverbs 25:11. |
|
| Barley (Hordeum spp.) |
Book of Numbers 5:15 |
| Bdellium(Commiphora africana) - [Heb., bedho?lach]. |
numbers 11:7 |
| Beans (Vicia faba) |
Ezekiel 4:9 |
| Box tree(Boxus sempervirens) |
Isaiah 41:19 |
| Boxthorn (Lycium europaeum) |
Proverbs 22:5 |
| Bramble (Rubus ulmifolius) |
Judges 9:15 |
| Broom, Spiny(Calycotome villosa (Poiret) |
Psalm 120:4 |
| Broom, White (Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb) |
1 Kings 19:4, Psalm 120:4 |
| Broom, Yellow(Spartium junceum) |
Psalms 120:4 |
| Bulrush (Typha spp.) or Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) |
Exodus 2:3 |
| Burning Bush (Loranthus acaciae) |
Exodus 3:1, 2 |
| Caper, Desire (Capparis spinosa L.) |
1 Kings 4:33 |
| Camphire (Lawsonia inermis) |
|
| Carob or Locust (Ceratonia siliqua) |
Luke 15:16; Matthew 3:1 |
| "Cassia" (Cinnamomum iners) |
Exodus 30, Psalms 45:8, Job 42:14 |
| Castor Oil Tree (Jonah's Gourd) - (Ricinus communis L.) |
Jonah 4 |
| Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani Loud.) |
1 Kings 5:10, 2 Kings 19:23 |
| Chamomile (several species) |
Isaiah 40:6 |
| Chestnut (Plane Tree) (Platanus orientalis L.) |
Luke 17:5 |
| Chicory (Cichorium spp.) |
Numbers 9:9 |
| CinnamonCinnamomum zeylanicum |
Proverbs 7:17 |
| Citron (Etrog) (Citrus medica L.) |
|
| Cockle (Agrostemma gitago) |
Isaiah 28:23 |
| Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) |
Exodus 16:31 |
| Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) |
Esther 1:5 |
| Crocus (Crocus sativus) |
Song of Solomon 4:13 |
| Crown Daisy (Chrysanthemum sp.) |
Isaiah 40:6 |
| Crown of Thorns (Paliurus spina-christi) |
Mark 15:15 |
| Cucumber (Cucumis melo) |
Numbers 11:5 |
| Cumin (Cumimum cyminum) |
Isaiah 28:27 |
| Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) |
Isaiah 44:14 |
| Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) |
Song of Solomon 5:11; 7:7, 8, John 12:13 |
| Dill (Anethum graveolens) |
Exodus 30:34 |
| Dove's Dung (Ornithogalum narbonense) |
2 Kings 6:25 |
| Fig (Ficus carica L.) |
Joel 1:7 |
| Fitches (Black Cumin) (Nigella sativa) |
Isaiah 28:23 |
| Flax (Linum usitatissimum) |
Proverbs 31:13 |
| Flowers |
1 Kings 7:26 |
| Frankincense (Boswellia thurifers) |
Matthew 2:10, 11 |
| Galbanum - Fennel (Ferula galbaniflua) |
Gospel of Matthew 23:23 |
| Gall (Papaver somniferum) |
Book of Lamentations 3:19 |
| Garlick /Garlic (Allium sativum) |
Numbers 11:5 |
| Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) |
Genesis 9:20 |
| Hemlock (Conium maculatum) |
Amos 6:12 |
| Henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) |
Song of Solomon 1:14 |
| Hyssop |
Leviticus 14:52 |
| Incense (Boswellia sacra) |
Hosea 4:13 |
| Judas Tree (Cercis siliquastrum) |
Matthew 27:3 |
| Jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf) |
Matthew 27:3 |
| Leeks (Allium porrum) |
Numbers 11:5 |
| Lentils (Lens esculenta) |
2 Samuel 17:28 |
| Lily (Iris palaestina) |
1 Kings 7:22 |
| Lily Sand (Pancratium maritimum L.) |
1 Kings 7:19 |
| Linen (Linum usitatissimum) |
Exodus 35:25 |
| Mallow (Atriplex halimus L.) |
Job 30:4 |
| Mandrake (Mandragora autumnalis) Bertol) |
Genesis 30:15 |
| Manna (Alhagi camelorum) |
Numbers 11:7 |
| Marjorum (Origanum majorana) |
Leviticus 14:4 |
| Mint |
Matthew 23:23 |
| Mulberry, Black (Morus nigra L.) |
Luke 17:5 |
| Mustard (Brassica nigra) |
Matthew 13:31 |
| Myrrh (Possible) - (Commiphora abyssinica Engl.) |
Song of Solomon 4:6 |
| Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) |
Isaiah 55:13 |
| Nard (Nardosyachys jatamansi) |
Song of Solomon 4:13 |
| Nettles (Acanthus spinosus) |
Song of Solomon 4:14 |
| Nigella (Nigella sp.) |
Isaiah 28:26 |
| Nuts/Pistachio - (Pistacia vera L.) |
Song of Solomon 6:11 |
| Nuts/Walnut (Juglans regia L.) |
Song of Solomon 6:11 |
| Oak (Quercus calliprinos Webb) |
Joshua 24:26 |
| Oak (Quercus ithaburensis Decaisne) |
Joshua 24:26 |
| Oak (Valonia Oak) (Quercus aegilips) |
Genesis 35:8 |
| Olive (Olea europaea) |
Judges 9:9 |
| Onion (Allium cepa) |
Numbers 11:5 |
| Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) |
Song of Solomon 7:8 |
| Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) |
Isaiah 44:14 |
| Pine |
|
| Pine Tree (Abies cilicica) |
1 Kings |
| Plane Tree (Platanus orientalis L.) |
Ezekiel 31:8 |
| Pomegranate - (Punica granatum) |
Song of Solomon 7:12 [Heb., rim·mohn?]. |
| Poplar White |
Psalms 137:2 |
| Reed |
Ezekiel 40: |
| Rie (Rye) |
Isaiah 28:25 |
| Rockrose Pink |
Genesis 43: |
| Rockrose White |
Genesis 43:11 |
| Rose Wild (Dog Rose) |
Song of Solomon 2:1 |
| Rue - (Ruta graveolens) |
Luke 11:42 |
| Rush |
Isaiah 9:14 |
| Saffron |
Song of Solomon 4:14 |
| Sage - (Salvia sp.) |
Exodus 37:17 |
| Sage Land of Israel - (Salvia palaestina Bentham) |
Exodus 37:17 |
| Sage Pungent - (Salvia dominica L.) |
Exodus 37:17 |
| Sage Three-Leafed (Salvia fruticosa Miller) |
Exodus 37:17 |
| Sage Jerusalem (Salvia hierosolymitana Boiss) |
Exodus 37:17 |
| Sage Judean (Salvia judaica Boiss) |
May referred her in Exodus 37:17 |
| Scarlet (Oak) |
Leviticus 14:48 |
| Spices (Astrangalus tragacantha) |
2 Chronicles 9:1 |
| Spikenard |
Song of Solomon 4:14(Nardostachys jatamansi)[Heb., nerd; Gr., nar?dos]. |
| Stacte or Storax (Styrax officinalis or Liquidambar orientalis) |
Exodus 30:34 |
| Star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum narbonense) |
2 Kings 6:25 |
| Sweet Cane (Saccharum officinarum) |
Jeremiah 6:20 |
| Sweet Flag or Aromatic Cane (Acorus sp.) |
Isaiah 43:23 |
| Sycamine (Mulberry) (Morus sp.) |
Luke 17:5 |
| Tamarisk - [Hebrew, ’e?shel]. |
Genesis 21:33(Tamarix aphylla) |
| Tares |
Matthew 13:24 |
| Terebinth (Pistacia palaestina Boiss) |
2 Samuel 18:9 |
| Thistle Golden |
2 Chronicles 25:18 |
| Thistles |
Job 31:40 |
| Thorns |
Jeremiah 4:3 |
| Thyine wood - (Tetraclinis articulata) |
Revelations 18:12 |
| Timber |
2 Kings 12:12 |
| Tulip Sharon |
May be refer to her in Song of Solomon 2:1 |
| Vine - Grape (Vitis vinifera) |
Isaiah 5:1 |
| Walnut - (Juglans regia) - may well have been walnut trees refer in |
The Song of Aolomon 6:11 Genesis 43:11 |
| Wheat - (Heb., chit·tah?; Gr., si?tos) |
Ezra 7:22 |
| Wheat, Egyptian, (Triticum compositum) Which is cultivated in ancient Egypt, & can still be encountered there, has several ears per stalk. |
Ge 41:22, 23. |
| Willows |
Job 40:22 |
| Wine |
Proverbs 4:17 |
| Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) |
Revelations 8:10 |
| Wreath |
1 Corinthians 9:25 |
