Guaiac cards and bottle of developer.
A stool guaiac test detects the presence of fecal occult blood.
It involves feces, a thick piece of paper attached to a thin film coated with guaiac (which comes from the Guaiacum tree[1]), and hydrogen peroxide. Either the patient or medical professional smears a small fecal sample onto the film, drips one or two drops of peroxide on the film, and observes for a color change.
The fecal sample can be obtained either by wiping soiled toilet tissue on the film or, more frequently in medical settings, it's obtained either with a gloved finger (with a digital rectal exam) or with a wooden stick dipped into stool. Only a small sample for smearing is necessary; a large sample of stool would actually impede an accurate test.
When the hydrogen peroxide is dripped onto the guaiac, it oxidizes the guaiac causing a color change. This oxidation occurs very slowly. Heme, a component of hemoglobin found in blood, catalyzes this reaction, giving a result in about 2 seconds. Therefore, a positive test result is one where there is a quick color change of the film.
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